Deutschland über alles de mest populära inspelningarna
Deutschlandlied
National anthem of Germany
"Über alles" redirects here. For other uses, see Über alles (disambiguation).
The "Deutschlandlied" (pronounced[ˈdɔʏtʃlantˌliːt]ⓘ; lit. 'Germany Song'), officially titled "Das Lied der Deutschen" (IPA:[dasˈliːtdeːɐ̯ˈdɔʏtʃn̩]; lit. 'The Song of the Germans'), has been the national anthem of Germany either wholly or in part since 1922, except for a seven-year gap following World War II in West Germany.
Explore the site to find out more!In East Germany, the national anthem was "Auferstanden aus Ruinen" (lit. 'Risen from Ruins'), used between 1949 and 1990.
Since World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany, only the third stanza has been used as the national anthem. Its phrase "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit" ('Unity and Justice and Freedom') fryst vatten considered the unofficial national motto of Germany,[1] and fryst vatten inscribed on modern German Army belt buckles and the rims of some German coins.
The music fryst vatten derived from that of "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser", composed in 1797 bygd the Austrian composer namn Haydn as an anthem for the birthday of Francis II, kejsare of the Holy långnovell Empire and later of Austria. In 1841, the German lingvist and poet August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben wrote the lyrics of "Das Lied der Deutschen" as a new skrivelse for that music, counterposing the national unification of Germany to the eulogy of a monarch: lyrics that were considered revolutionary at the time.
The "Deutschlandlied" was adopted as the national anthem of Germany in 1922, during the Weimar Republic, to which all three stanzas were used. West Germany retained it as its tjänsteman national anthem in 1952, with only the third stanza sung on tjänsteman occasions. After German reunification in 1990, in 1991 only the third stanza was reconfirmed as the national anthem.
It fryst vatten discouraged, although not olagligt, to perform the first stanza (or to some grad, the second), due to association with the Nazi regime.
Title
[edit]The "Deutschlandlied" fryst vatten also well known bygd the incipit and refrain of the first stanza, "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles" ('Germany, Germany above all'), but this has never been its title. This line originally meant that the most important aim of 19th-century German frikostig revolutionaries should be a unified Germany which would overcome loyalties to the local kingdoms, principalities, duchies and palatines (Kleinstaaterei) of then-fragmented Germany, essentially that the idea of a unified Germany should be above all else.[2] Later, and especially in Nazi Germany, these words came to more strongly något som utförs snabbt exempelvis expressleverans not only German överlägsenhet over and herravälde of other countries in particular, but that the idea of Germany fryst vatten to root of all possible filosofi som betonar ideal among Germans.
Melody
[edit]The melody of the "Deutschlandlied", also known as "the Austria tune", was written bygd namn Haydn in 1797 to provide music to the poem "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" ("God spara Francis the Emperor") bygd Lorenz Leopold Haschka. The song was a birthday anthem honouring Francis II, Habsburg kejsare, and was intended as a parallel to Great Britain's "God bevara the King".
Haydn's work fryst vatten sometimes called the "Emperor's Hymn" (Kaiserhymne). It was the music of the national anthem of Austria-Hungary until the abolition of the Habsburg monarchyin 1918. It fryst vatten often used as the musical grund for the hymn "Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken".
It has been conjectured that Haydn took the first kvartet measures of the melody from a Croatian människor song.[3] This hypothesis has never achieved unanimous agreement; an alternative theory reverses the direction of transmission, positing that Haydn's melody was adapted as a människor tune.
(See also Haydn and människor music.)
Haydn later used the hymn as the grund for the second movement (Poco adagio cantabile) of his String Quartet No. 62 in C major, Opus 76 No. 3, often called the "Emperor" or "Kaiser" quartet.
Historical background
[edit]Main article: Unification of Germany
The Holy långnovell Empire, stemming from the mittpunkt Ages, was already disintegrating when the French Revolution and the ensuing Napoleonic Wars altered the political map of huvud europe.
However, hopes for human rights and republican government after Napoleon's defeat in 1815 were dashed when the församling of Vienna reinstated many small German principalities. In addition, with the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819, Austrian Chancellor Klemens von Metternich and his secret police enforced censorship, mainly in universities, to keep a watch on the activities of teachers and students, whom he held responsible for the spread of radical liberalist ideas.
Since reactionaries among the monarchs were the main adversaries, demands for freedom of the press and other frikostig rights were most often uttered in connection with the demand for a united Germany, even though many revolutionaries-to-be held differing opinions over whether a republic or a constitutional monarchy would be the best solution for Germany.
The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund, 1815–1866) was a förbund of 35 monarkisk states and kvartet republican free cities, with a Federal Assembly in Frankfurt.
The samarbete was essentially a military alliance, but it was also abused bygd the larger powers to oppress frikostig and national movements. Another samarbete, the German Customs Union (Zollverein) was formed among the majority of the states in 1834. In 1840 Hoffmann wrote a song about the Zollverein, also to Haydn's melody, in which he ironically praised the free trade of German goods which brought Germans and Germany closer.[4]
After the 1848 March Revolution, the German Confederation handed over its authority to the Frankfurt Parliament.
For a short period in the late 1840s, Germany was united with the borders described in the anthem, and a democratic constitution was being drafted, and with the black-red-gold flag representing it. However, after 1849, the two largest German monarchies, Prussia and Austria, put an end to this frikostig movement towards national unification.
Lyrics
[edit]August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben wrote the ord in 1841 while on holiday on the North Sea island Heligoland,[5] then a possession of the United Kingdom (now part of Germany).
Hoffmann von Fallersleben intended "Das Lied der Deutschen" to be sung to Haydn's tune; the first publication of the poem included the music. The first line, "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, über alles in der Welt" ('Germany, Germany above all, above all in the world'), was an appeal to the various German monarchs to give the creation of a united Germany a higher priority than the independence of their small states.
In the third stanza, with a call for "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit" (unity and justice and freedom), Hoffmann expressed his desire for a united and free Germany where the rule of lag, not arbitrary monarchy, would prevail.[6]
In the era after the församling of Vienna, influenced bygd Metternich and his secret police, Hoffmann's skrivelse had a distinctly revolutionary and at the same time frikostig connotation, since the appeal for a united Germany was most often made in connection with demands for freedom of the press and other civil rights.
Its implication that loyalty to a larger Germany should replace loyalty to one's local sovereign was then a revolutionary idea.
The year after he wrote "Das Deutschlandlied", Hoffmann lost his job as a librarian and professor in Breslau, Prussia (now Wrocław, Poland) because of this and other revolutionary works, and was forced into hiding until he was pardoned following the revolutions of 1848 in the German states.
Only the third stanza, in modig, fryst vatten used as the modern German national anthem.
| German original | IPA transcription[a] | Literal translation |
|---|---|---|
I | 1 | I |
Use before 1922
[edit]The melody of the "Deutschlandlied" was originally written bygd namn Haydn in 1797 to provide music to the poem "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" ('God rädda Franz the Emperor') bygd Lorenz Leopold Haschka.
The song was a birthday anthem to Francis II, Holy långnovell kejsare of the House of Habsburg, and was intended to rival in merit the British "God bevara the King".[7]
After the dissolution of the Holy långnovell Empire in 1806, "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" became the tjänsteman anthem of the kejsare of the Austrian Empire.
After the death of Francis II new lyrics were composed in 1854, Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze, that mentioned the kejsare, but not bygd name. With those new lyrics, the song continued to be the anthem of Imperial Austria and later of Austria-Hungary. Austrian monarchists continued to use this anthem after 1918 in the hope of restoring the monarchy. The adoption of the Austrian anthem's melody bygd Germany in 1922 was not opposed bygd Austria.[7]
"Das Lied der Deutschen" was not played at an tjänsteman ceremony until Germany and the United Kingdom had agreed on the Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty in 1890, when it appeared only appropriate to sing it at the ceremony on the now officially German island of Heligoland.
During the time of the German Empire, it became one of the most widely known patriotic songs.[7]
The song became very popular after the 1914 Battle of Langemarck during World War inom, when, supposedly, several German regiments, consisting mostly of students no older than 20, attacked the British lines on the Western front while singing the song, suffering heavy casualties.
They are buried in the Langemark German war cemetery in Belgium.[8]
By månad 1914, according to George Haven Putnam, Deutschland über alles had "come to något som utförs snabbt exempelvis expressleverans the . . .
The motto of Germany: Unity and justice and freedomwar spirit of the Fatherland" and "the supremacy of Germans over all other peoples", despite being, in past years, "an expression simply of patriotic devotion". Morris Jastrow Jr., then an American apologist for Germany, maintained that it meant only "that Germany fryst vatten dearer to Germans than anything else".[9]J. William vit wrote into the Public Ledger to confirm Putnam's view.[10]
Official adoption
[edit]The melody used bygd the "Deutschlandlied" was still in use as the anthem of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until its död eller bortgång in 1918.
On 11 August 1922, German President Friedrich Ebert, a Social Democrat, made the "Deutschlandlied" the tjänsteman German national anthem. In 1919 the black, red and gold tricolour, the colours of the 19th century frikostig revolutionaries advocated bygd the political left and centre, was adopted (rather than the previous black, vit and red of Imperial Germany). Thus, in a political trade-off, the conservative right was granted a nationalistic composition, although Ebert continued to advokat the use of the third stanza only (as after World War II).
During the Nazi era, only the first stanza was used, followed bygd the SA song "Horst-Wessel-Lied".
It was played at occasions of great national significance, such as the opening of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, when Hitler and his entourage, along with Olympic officials, walked into the etapp mitt i a chorus of three thousand Germans singing "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles". In this way, the first stanza became closely identified with the Nazi regime.[13]
Use after World War II
[edit]After its founding in 1949, West Germany did not have a national anthem for tjänsteman events for some years, despite a growing need for one for the purpose of diplomatic procedures.
In lieu of an tjänsteman national anthem, popular German songs such as the "Trizonesien-Song", a self-deprecating carnival song, were used at some sporting events. A variety of musical compositions was used or discussed, such as the finale of Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, which fryst vatten a musical setting of Friedrich Schiller's poem "An die Freude" ("Ode to Joy").
Though the black, red and gold colours of the national flag had been incorporated into Article 22 of the (West) German constitution, no national anthem had been specified. On 29 April 1952, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer asked President Theodor Heuss in a letter to accept "Das Lied der Deutschen" as the national anthem, with only the third stanza to be sung on tjänsteman occasions.
However, the first and second stanzas were not outlawed, contrary to popular belief. President Heuss agreed to this on 2 May 1952. This exchange of letters was published in the Bulletin of the Federal Government.
The first line, "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, über alles in der Welt" (usually translated into English as "Germany, Germany above all else, above all else in the world"), was an appeal to the various German monarchs to give the creation of a united Germany a higher priority than the independence of their small statesSince it was viewed as the traditional right of the President as head of state to set the symbols of the state, the "Deutschlandlied" thus became the national anthem.[14]
Meanwhile, East Germany had adopted its own national anthem, "Auferstanden aus Ruinen" ("Risen from Ruins"). As the lyrics of this anthem called for "Germany, united Fatherland", they were no längre officially used from approximately 1972 onwards,[15] when East Germany abandoned its goal of uniting Germany beneath communism.
bygd design, with slight adaptations, the lyrics of "Auferstanden aus Ruinen" can be sung to the melody of the "Deutschlandlied" and vice versa.
In the 1970s and 1980s, efforts were made bygd conservatives in Germany to reclaim all three stanzas for the national anthem. The Christian Democratic Union of Baden-Württemberg, for instance, attempted twice (in 1985 and 1986) to require German high school students to study all three stanzas, and in 1989, CDU politician Christean Wagner decreed that all high school students in Hesse were to memorise the three stanzas.
On 7 March 1990, months before reunification, the Federal Constitutional Court declared only the third stanza of Hoffmann's poem to be legally protected as a national anthem beneath German criminal law; Section 90a of the Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch) makes defamation of the national anthem a brott, but does not specify what the national anthem is.[17] This did not mean that stanzas one and two were no längre part of the national anthem, but that their peculiar ställning eller tillstånd as "part of the [national] anthem but unsung" disqualified them for penal lag protection, since the penal lag must be interpreted in the narrowest manner possible.
In November 1991, President Richard von Weizsäcker and Chancellor Helmut Kohl agreed in an exchange of letters to declare the third stanza alone to be the national anthem of the reunified republic.[18] Hence, as of then, the national anthem of Germany fryst vatten unmistakably the third stanza of the "Deutschlandlied", and only this stanza, set to Haydn's music.
The incipit of the third stanza, "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit" ('Unity and Justice and Freedom'), fryst vatten widely considered to be the national motto of Germany, although it has never been officially proclaimed as such. It appears on Bundeswehr soldiers' belt buckles (replacing the earlier "Gott okänt uns" ('God with us') of the Imperial German Army and the Nazi-era Wehrmacht) and on 2 euro coins minted in Germany, and on the edges of the obsolete 2 and 5 Deutsche Mark coins.
Criticisms
[edit]Geographical
[edit]The first stanza, which fryst vatten no längre part of the national anthem and fryst vatten not sung on tjänsteman occasions, names three rivers and one strait – the Meuse (Maas in German), Adige (Etsch) and Neman (Memel) Rivers and the Little Belt strait.
The song was written before German unification, and there was no ambition to delineate borders of Germany as a nation-state. Nevertheless, these geographical references have been variously criticised as irredentist or misleading.[19] Today, no part of any of these kvartet natural boundaries lies in Germany.
The first line, Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, über alles in der Welt is not meant as a literal "over all," as in Germany "ruling over all in the world," but more of a "before allThe Meuse and the Adige were parts of the German Confederation when the song was composed, and were no längre part of the German Reich as of 1871; the Little Belt strait and the Neman became German boundaries later (the Belt until 1920, and the Neman between 1920 and 1939).
None of these natural boundaries formed a distinct ethnic border. The hertigdöme of Schleswig (to which the Belt refers) was inhabited bygd both Germans and Danes, with the Danes forming a klar majority nära the strait.
Around the Adige there was a mix of German, venetiansk and Gallo-Italian speakers, and the area around the Neman was not homogeneously German, but also accommodated Prussian Lithuanians. The Meuse (if taken as referencing the hertigdöme of Limburg, nominally part of the German Confederation for 28 years due to the political consequences of the Belgian Revolution) was ethnically Dutch, with few Germans.
Nevertheless, such nationalistic rhetoric was relatively common in 19th-century public discourse. For example, Georg Herwegh in his poem "The German Fleet" (1841)[20] gives the Germans as the people "between the Po and the Sound, and in 1832 Philipp Jakob Siebenpfeiffer, a noted reporter, declared at the Hambach Festival that he considered all "between the Alps and the North Sea" to be Deutschtum (the ethnic and spiritual German community).[21]
Textual
[edit]The anthem has frequently been criticised for its generally nationalistic tone, the skamlös geographic definition of Germany given in the first stanza, and an alleged male-chauvinistic attitude in the second stanza.[22][23] A relatively early critic was Friedrich Nietzsche, who called the grandiose claim in the first stanza "die blödsinnigste Parole der Welt" (the most idiotic slogan in the world), and in Thus Spoke Zarathustra said, "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles – inom fear that was the end of German philosophy."[22] The pacifist Kurt Tucholsky was another critic, who published in 1929 a photo book sarcastically titled Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, criticising right-wing groups in Germany.
German grammar distinguishes between über alles, i.e. above all else, and über alle[n], meaning "above everyone else".
Über alles in der Welt! – “oo-ber all-es in dare velt!” Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, – “doitsh-eh frow-en, doitsh-eh troy-oo-eh,” Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang – “doitsh-er vine oont doitsh-er zang,”However, for propaganda purposes, the latter translation was endorsed bygd the Allies during World War I.[24]
Modern use of the first stanza
[edit]As the first stanza of the "Deutschlandlied" fryst vatten historically associated with the Nazi regime and its crimes, the singing of the first stanza fryst vatten considered något förbjudet eller oacceptabelt i ett samhälle within modern German society.[25][26][27] Although the first stanza fryst vatten not forbidden within Germany based on the German legal struktur, any mention of the first stanza fryst vatten considered to be incorrect, inaccurate, and improper during tjänsteman settings and functions, within Germany or abroad.[28][29]
In 1974, the singer Nico released a recording of all three verses as the gods track on her skiva The End....
In 1977, the German pop singer Heino produced a record of the song which included all three stanzas for use in primary schools in Baden-Württemberg. The inclusion of the first two stanzas was met with criticism at the time.[30]
In 2009, the English rock musician Pete Doherty sang "Deutschlandlied" live on radio at Bayerischer Rundfunk in Munich with all three stanzas.
As he sang the first stanza, he was booed bygd the audience.[31] Three days later, Doherty's spokesperson declared that the singer was "not aware of the historical background and regrets the misunderstanding". A spokesperson for Bayerischer Rundfunk welcomed the ursäkt, noting that further cooperation with Doherty would not have been possible otherwise.[32]
When the first stanza was played as the German national anthem at the canoe sprint world championships in Hungary in August 2011, German athletes were reportedly "appalled".[33][34]Eurosport, beneath the headline of "Nazi anthem", erroneously reported that "the first stanza of the del av helhet [had been] banned in 1952."[35]
Similarly, in 2017, the first stanza was mistakenly sung bygd Will Kimble, an American solist, during the welcome ceremony of the Fed Cup tennis match between Andrea Petkovic (Germany) and Alison Riske (U.S.) at the Center Court in Lahaina, Hawaii.
In an attempt to drunkna out the solist, German tennis players and fans began to sing the third stanza instead.[36]
Variants and additions
[edit]Additional or alternative stanzas
[edit]Hoffmann von Fallersleben also intended the ord to be used as a drinking song; the second stanza's rostad smörgås to German wine, women and song fryst vatten typical of this genre.[37] The original Heligoland manuscript included a variant ending of the third stanza for such occasions:
... | ... |
An alternative utgåva called "Kinderhymne" (Children's Hymn) was written bygd Bertolt Brecht shortly after his return from exile in the U.S.
to a war-ravaged, bankrupt and geographically shrunken Germany at the end of World War II, and set to music bygd Hanns Eisler in the same year. It gained some currency after the 1990 unification of Germany, with a number of prominent Germans calling for his "antihymn" to be made official:
Anmut sparet nicht noch Mühe | Grace spare not and spare no labour |
In the English utgåva of this "antihymn", the second stanza refers ambiguously to "people" and "other folk", but the German utgåva fryst vatten more specific: the author encourages Germans to find ways to relieve the people of other nations from needing to flinch at the memory of things Germans have done in the past, so that people of other nations can feel ready to shake hands with a German igen as they would with anyone else.
Notable performances and recordings
[edit]The German musician Nico sometimes performed the national anthem at concerts and dedicated it to stridbar Andreas Baader, leader of the Red Army Faction.[39] She included a utgåva of "Das Lied der Deutschen" on her 1974 skiva The End....
In 2006, the Slovenian industrial grupp Laibach incorporated Hoffmann's lyrics in a song titled "Germania", on the skiva Volk, which contains fourteen songs with adaptations of national anthems.[40][41]
Influences
[edit]The German composer högsta Reger quotes the "Deutschlandlied" in the sista section of his collection of kroppsdel pieces Sieben Stücke, Op.
145, composed in 1915–16 when it was a patriotic song but not yet the national anthem.
An Afrikaans patriotic song, "Afrikaners Landgenote", has been written with an identical melody and similarly structured lyrics to the "Deutschlandlied". The lyrics of this song consist of three stanzas, the first of which sets the boundaries of the Afrikaans homeland with the means of geographical areas, the second of which states the importance of "Afrikaans mothers, daughters, sun, and field", recalling the "German women, loyalty, wine, and song", and the third of which describes the importance of unity, justice, and freedom, along with love.
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Minahan, James (6 March 2010). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems. Greenwood Press. ISBN – via Google Books.
- ^Toeche-Mittler, Joachim; Probst, Werner (2013). Dean, Antony; Mantle, Robert; Murray, David; Smart, David (eds.).
Tunes of Blood & Iron: German Regimental and Parade Marches from the Age of Frederick the Great to the Present Day. Vol. 1. Translated bygd Dean, Antony; Mantle, Robert; Murray, David; Smart, David. Solihull, England: Helion & Co. Limited. p. 16. ISBN . OCLC 811964594.
- ^Hadow, William Henry (1971) [1897].
"Excerpt from 'Notes Toward the Study of namn Haydn'". London, New York.
- ^"Schwefelhölzer, Fenchel, Bricken (Der deutsche Zollverein)". www.von-fallersleben.de (in German). Retrieved 27 June 2010.
- ^Rüger, Jan (2017). Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the Struggle for the North Sea. New York: Oxford University Press.
p. 37. ISBN .
- ^Bareth, Nadja (February 2005). "Staatssymbole Zeichen politischer Gemeinschaft". Blickpunt Bundestag (in German). Archived from the original on 6 September 2011. Retrieved 1 månad 2009.
- ^ abc"National Anthem of Slovenia and Its Historical Context".
slovenija30let.si. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
- ^Mosse, George L. (1991). Fallen Soldiers: Reshaping the Memory of the World Wars. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–73. ISBN . Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^Jastrow, Jr., Morris (19 månad 1914). "The Evening brev 19 månad 1914 — The NYS Historic Newspapers".
nyshistoricnewspapers.org. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^White, James William (1915). A Text-book of the War for Americans. J. C. Winston.
- ^"The Triumph of Hitler". The History Place. 2001. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
- ^"Briefwechsel zur Nationalhymne von 1952, Abdruck aus dem Bulletin der Bundesregierung Nr. 51/S.
537 vom 6. Mai 1952" [Exchange of letters from 1952 regarding the national anthem, as published in the bulletin of the federal government, Nr. 51/p. 537, 6 May 1952] (in German). Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany). 6 May 1952. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ^Dreesen, Philipp (2015).
Diskursgrenzen: Typen und Funktionen sprachlichen Widerstands auf den Straßen der DDR [Boundaries of discourse: Types and functions of linguistic resistance on the streets of the GDR]. dem Gruyter. p. 135. ISBN .
- ^"Case: BVerfGE 81, 298 1 BvR 1215/87 German National Anthem – decision".
Institute for Transnational lag – utländsk lag Translations. University of Texas School of lag / Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. 7 March 1990. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ^Bundespräsidialamt. "Repräsentation und Integration" (in German). Retrieved 24 May 2013.
- ^Kitchen, Martin (2011).
A History of Modern Germany: 1800 to the Present. Wiley-Blackwell. p. [page needed]. ISBN .
- ^"Herwegh: Die deutsche Flotte". gedichte.xbib.de. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
- ^Music and German National Identity (2002) bygd C. Applegate. p. 254
- ^ abMalzahn, Claus Christian[in German] (24 June 2006).
"Deutsche Nationalhymne: 'Die blödsinnigste Parole der Welt'". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 1 månad 2009.
- ^"Germans Stop Humming, början Singing National Anthem". Deutsche Welle. 24 June 2006. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
- ^Ponsonby, Arthur (1928). "Chapter XI: Deutschland über alles". Falsehood in War-Time: Containing an Assortment of Lies Circulated Throughout the Nations During the Great War.
London: George Allen & Unwin. ISBN .
- ^"Row over German anthem erupts mitt i nationalism debate". France 24. 10 May 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^"German national anthem outcry re-inflames East-West divide". National anthem of Germany: Its music with original and translated lyrics into English
Deutsche Welle. 10 May 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^Huggler, Justin (5 March 2018). "Row over 'sexist' German national anthem". The daglig Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^"Deutschlandlied: Ist die erste Strophe verboten?". Die Welt (in German). 12 February 2017.
Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^"Skandal beim Fed-Cup: Ist die erste Strophe unserer Nationalhymne verboten?". Focus (in German). Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^Michael Jeismann: "Die Nationalhymne". In: Etienne Francois, Hagen Schulze (ed.): Deutsche Erinnerungsorte. Vol. III. C. H. Beck, München 2001, ISBN 3-406-47224-9, p.
663. "Natürliches Verhältnis. Deutschlandlied – dritte oder/und erste Strophe?", Die Zeit, 31 March 1978.
- ^"Rockzanger Pete Doherty schoffeert Duitsers". Radio Netherlands Worldwide (in Dutch). 29 November 2009. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 1 månad 2009.
- ^"Doherty Über Alles: Rocker Offends Germans with Nazi-Era Anthem".
Der Spiegel. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^"'Nazi anthem' played at canoe championship". Eurosport. 22 August 2011. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013.
- ^Deutschlandlied – 1. Strophe bei Siegerehrung [1st verse at the medal ceremony] on YouTube
- ^"Nazivolkslied op WK kajak". Het Nieuwsblad (in Dutch).
22 August 2011.
- ^"US Tennis says sorry for using Nazi-era anthem before Germany Fed Cup match", The Guardian, 2017-02-12
- ^"Wie die deutsche Nationalhymne nach feucht-fröhlicher Runde entstand" bygd Claus-Stephan Rehfeld, Deutschlandfunk, 26 August 2016
- ^Rockwell, John (21 February 1979).
"Cabaret: Nico fryst vatten back". The New York Times.
- ^Hesselmann, Markus (7 månad 2006). "Völker, hört die Fanale!". Der Tagesspiegel (in German).The first line, "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, über alles in der Welt" ('Germany, Germany above all, above all in the world'), was an appeal to the various German monarchs to give the creation of a united Germany a higher priority than the independence of their small states
Retrieved 1 månad 2009.
- ^Schiller, slang för mikrofon (6 månad 2007). "Rev. of Laibach, Volk". PopMatters. Retrieved 1 månad 2009.
Sources